Epidemiological study on the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Yinzhou District, Ningbo City from 2011 to 2020 / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To describe the distribution characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease among permanent residents in Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, and to understand the disease burden and development trend of inflammatory bowel disease in this area.@*METHODS@#Using the retrospective cohort design, we collected the registration information of all permanent residents in the residents' health files of the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform from 2010 to 2020, and used electronic medical records to follow up their inflammatory bowel disease visits. A one-year wash-out period was set, and the patients who were diagnosed with the primary diagnosis for the first time after one year of registration were re-garded as new cases. The incidence density and 95% confidence interval (CI) of inflammatory bowel disease were estimated by Poisson distribution.@*RESULTS@#From 2011 to 2020, a total of 1 496 427 permanent residents in Yinzhou District were included, of which 729 996 were male (48.78%). The total follow-up person-years were 8 081 030.82, and the median follow-up person-years were 5.41 [interquartile range (IQR): 5.29]. During the study period, there were 1 217 new cases of inflammatory bowel disease, of which males (624 cases, 51.27%) were more than females (593 cases, 48.73%). The total incidence density was 15.06/100 000 person-years (95%CI: 14.23, 15.93). Among all new cases, there were 1 106 cases (90.88%) of ulcerative colitis, with an incidence density of 13.69 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 12.89, 14.52); 70 cases (5.75%) of Crohn's disease, with an incidence density of 0.87 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.68, 1.09); and 41 cases (3.37%) of indeterminate colitis, with an incidence density of 0.51 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.36, 0.69). The median age of onset of ulcerative colitis was 50.82 years old (IQR: 18.77), with the highest proportion (15.01%) in the 45-49 years group. The incidence density of ulcerative colitis gradually increased with age, reaching a relatively high level in the 45-49 years group (20.53/100 000 person-years; 95%CI: 17.63, 23.78), followed by a slight increase. And the incidence density in the 65-69 years group was the highest (25.44/100 000 person-years; 95%CI: 20.85, 30.75), with a rapid decrease in the 75-79 years group. The median age of onset of Crohn's disease was 44.34 years (IQR: 33.41), with the highest proportion (12.86%) in the 25-29 years group. Due to the small number of new cases of Crohn's disease, the age distribution fluctuated greatly, with peaks both in young and old people. From 2011 to 2020, the incidence density of inflammatory bowel disease in Yinzhou District was at a low level from 2011 to 2013, and showed a rapid upward trend from 2014 to 2016, reaching a peak of 24.62 per 100 000 person-years in 2016 (95%CI: 21.31, 28.30), and slightly decreased in 2017-2020.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence density of inflammatory bowel disease in Yinzhou District from 2011 to 2020 was at a relatively high level, and medical institutions and health departments need to pay attention to the burden of disease caused by it.

Consideraciones actuales concernientes al tratamiento del plastrón apendicular / Current Considerations Concerning Treatment of Appendiceal Plastron

Introducción: El plastrón apendicular es una tumoración inflamatoria constituida por el apéndice inflamado, vísceras adyacentes y epiplón mayor. Puede contener o no pus (absceso/flemón). Objetivo: Precisar si está indicada la apendicectomía de urgencia o de intervalo en los pacientes con plastrón y/o absceso apendicular sometidos a tratamiento no quirúrgico inicial. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos bibliográficas Web of Science, PubMed, Medline y Lilacs, mediante el motor de búsqueda Google académico. Se seleccionaron 28 artículos en inglés y español; 20 (71,2 por ciento) correspondieron al quinquenio 2016-20 y el 96,4 por ciento de autores extranjeros. Desarrollo: El estándar actual es el tratamiento no quirúrgico inicial del plastrón y el drenaje percutáneo del absceso. La apendicectomía de intervalo tiene un beneficio mínimo y puede conducir a un aumento de los costos, estancia hospitalaria, antibioticoterapia intravenosa y de la morbilidad. Se debe realizar un seguimiento cuidadoso en enfermos con riesgo de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal o cáncer de colon, sin importar qué opción se elija (operación de intervalo u observación). Conclusiones: La apendicectomía de urgencia no es recomendable porque el componente inflamatorio la hace técnicamente difícil, puede necesitar una colectomía y aumentar la morbilidad, aunque actualmente, la apendicectomía laparoscópica de urgencia puede ser más rentable y segura. La decisión posterior de la apendicectomía a intervalos sigue siendo discutible. El intervalo recomendado varía entre 6 y 8 semanas, tres y seis meses después de la normalización clínico humoral(AU)

Introduction: Appendiceal plastron is an inflammatory tumor made up of inflamed appendix, adjacent viscera and greater omentum. It may or may not contain pus (abscess/phlegmon). Objective: To specify whether emergency or interval appendectomy is indicated in patients with appendicular abscess and/or plastron who had undergone initial nonsurgical treatment. Methods: A review was carried out in the bibliographic databases Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Lilacs, using the search engine Google Scholar. Twenty-eight articles were selected, in English and Spanish; twenty (71.2 percent) corresponded to the quinquennium 2016-20, while 96.4 percent were written by foreign authors. Development: The current standard is the initial nonsurgical treatment of the plastron and percutaneous drainage of the abscess. Interval appendectomy has minimal benefits and can lead to increased costs, hospital stay, intravenous antibiotic therapy and morbidity. Patients at risk for inflammatory bowel disease or colon cancer should be carefully followed up, regardless of which option is chosen (interval operation or observation). Conclusions: Emergency appendectomy is not recommended because the inflammatory component makes it technically difficult; it may require colectomy and increase morbidity, although currently, emergency laparoscopic appendectomy may be more profitable and safer. The subsequent decision for interval appendectomy remains debatable. The recommended interval varies from six to eight weeks, three and six months after clinical-humoral normalization(AU)

Aspectos epidemiológicos das doenças intestinais inflamatórias na região oeste do Estado de Minas Gerais / Epidemiologic aspects of inflammatory bowel disease in the western region of minas gerais state

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two of the main inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), have been increasingly diagnosed in South America. Although IBD have been intensively studied in the last years, epidemiologic data in Brazil are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and epidemiologic profile of IBD patients treated in the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia from 1999 to 2014. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of the medical records of patients diagnosed with IBD, according to the international classification of diseases (ICD) - ICD K50 for CD and ICD K51 for UC - confirmed by endoscopic examination in the case of both diseases. We analyzed the following variables: age; sex; ethnicity; smoking habit; primary diagnosis; site of disease manifestation; main clinical manifestations; IBD-related complications; extraintestinal manifestations; and established drug and/or surgical treatment. RESULTS: We evaluated 183 IBD cases (91 UC and 92 CD cases). The estimated prevalence rate of UC was 15.06/100.000 inhabitants and of CD was 15.23/100.000. The CU and CD female to male incidence ratios were 1.7 and 1.8, respectively. The average age of patients diagnosed with UC was 39.4 years and of those diagnosed with CD was 31.1 years. White-skinned people were the most affected by UC (66.0%) and CD (69.0%). Few patients were submitted to surgical procedures as treatment alternative. CONCLUSION: The estimated prevalence of IBD in this population was low compared to that of populations of North America, but high compared to that of other regions considered to present low incidence, such as some Asian and Latin American countries.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A doença de Crohn (DC) e a retocolite ulcerativa (RCU), duas das principais doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DIIs), têm sido cada vez mais diagnosticadas na América do Sul. Embora a DII tenha sido intensamente estudada nos últimos anos, os dados epidemiológicos no Brasil são escassos. OBJETIVO: Estudar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes com DII atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia de 1999 a 2014. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de DII, de acordo com a classificação internacional de doenças (CID) - CID K50 para DC e CID K51 para RCU - confirmado por exame endoscópico para ambas as doenças. Analisamos as seguintes variáveis: idade; sexo; etnia; hábito tabágico; diagnóstico primário; local de manifestação da doença; principais manifestações clínicas; complicações relacionadas a DII; manifestações extraintestinais; tratamentos medicamentoso e/ou cirúrgico instituídos. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 183 casos de DII (91 casos de RCU e 92 casos de DC). A prevalência estimada de RCU foi de 15,06/100.000 habitantes e de DC foi de 15,23/100.000. As taxas de incidência entre pacientes do sexo feminino e masculino foram de 1,7 para RCU e 1,8 para DC. A idade média dos pacientes com diagnóstico de RCU foi de 39,4 anos e daqueles com DC foi de 31,1 anos. A raça branca foi o grupo étnico mais afetado por RCU (66,0%) e DC (69,0%). Poucos pacientes foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos como alternativas de tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência estimada de DII nesta população foi baixa em comparação com populações da América do Norte, mas elevada em comparação com outras regiões consideradas de baixa incidência, como alguns países da Ásia e da América Latina.

Epidemiological profile of inflammatory bowel disease in Caxias do Sul, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases affect mostly young patients and have a huge impact on their quality of life and growing treatment costs. Currently, there are few Brazilian studies concerning their epidemiological profile. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the regional clinical and epidemiological profile of these pathological conditions in Caxias do Sul, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in Caxias do Sul (RS), Brazil. METHODS: A search for patients was conducted in the municipality's special medications pharmacy using the International Classification of Diseases, and medical records were manually reviewed for data collection. Sixty-seven patients were included. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 46.5 years and females predominated (71.6%). Ulcerative colitis was the most prevalent disease (70%) and Montreal E3 was the most prevalent presentation. The mean age at diagnosis was 39 years. Most patients had recently undergone colonoscopy (67%). Only five patients (7.4%) had records of hospital admission due to the disease, while 12 (18%) underwent a surgical procedure during follow-up. Sixty patients (89.5%) were using aminosalicylates, while less than one fifth were using immunosuppressants or immunobiological drugs: 19.4% and 14.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The profile of inflammatory bowel disease patients in this region of Brazil is similar in some characteristics to other published Brazilian data, although it differs in others such as higher frequency of pancolitis. A prospective study on these patients is planned in this region, in order to improve the data quality.

Embarazo en enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: no solo 9 meses de cuidado

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increased in the last decades. Thus, the number of pregnant women with the condition is also increasing. Given that active disease itself is the main risk factor for complications during pregnancy, it is necessary to achieve a complete remission before planning a pregnancy. Also, pregnant women with IBD must be monitored noninvasively and be treated proactively, including escalated therapies, if needed, to prevent potential flares during pregnancy. Patients can undergo vaginal delivery in most forms of IBD. However, cesarean delivery is still preferable in women with a history of ileal pouch-anal anastomoses (IPAA) or active perianal disease.

Anemia e deficiência de ferro em pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal em um centro de referência no Brasil: prevalência e fatores de risco / Anemia and iron deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease patients in a referral center in brazil: prevalence and risk factors

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Data regarding the prevalence of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are scarce in Brazil. Anemia and iron deficiency anemia have been known to cause significant functional impairment, lower quality of life, and higher morbidity and mortality and may be correlated with an impact on the cost of treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for anemia and iron deficiency anemia in patients with IBD in a tertiary IBD unit in Southeast Brazil. METHODS: We conducted an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective analysis of an adult IBD cohort (IBD Unit, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil) consisting of 579 patients between January 2014 and July 2018. Clinicoepidemiological data, hemoglobin measurements and serum ferritin were extracted from electronic medical records. Anemia prevalence was calculated among ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) phenotypes. Risk factors for anemia were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 529 (91%) patients had complete blood counts available in their medical records. Only 35.5% of IBD patients were fully screened for anemia. The prevalence of anemia in IBD patients was 24.6% (29.1% in CD and 19.1% in UC, P=0.008). The anemia was moderate to severe in 16.9% (19.8% in CD and 11.4% in UC, P=0.34). The prevalence of iron deficiency was 52.3% (53.6% in CD and 51.2% in UC, P=0.95). Anemia of chronic disease was present in 14.1% of IBD patients. A total of 53.8% of patients with anemia were in clinical remission. CD was associated with an increased prevalence of anemia (P=0.008; OR=1.76; CI 95% =1.16-2.66) compared to UC. The penetrant disease phenotype in CD was associated with a lower risk of anemia (P<0.0001; OR=0.25; CI 95% =0.14-0.43). Active disease compared to the disease in clinical remission was associated with an increased risk of anemia (P=0.0003; OR=2.61; CI 95% =1.56-4.36) in CD. The presence of anemia was less frequent in patients with CD who underwent surgical bowel resection compared to those who did not undergo surgery (P<0.0001; OR=0.24; CI 95% =0.14-0.40). No differences in anemia prevalence were observed regarding CD localization, age at diagnosis, UC extension or biological therapy (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Despite the low levels of full screening, anemia and iron deficiency anemia were common manifestations of IBD. CD was associated with an increased risk of anemia, especially with active disease. In addition, patients with CD who underwent surgical bowel resection and penetrant disease phenotype in CD were associated with lower risk of anemia.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Dados referentes à prevalência de anemia em pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) são escassos no Brasil. Sabe-se que anemia e a anemia ferropriva causam comprometimento funcional significativo, menor qualidade de vida e maior morbimortalidade e podem estar correlacionadas com um impacto no custo do tratamento. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência e os fatores de risco de anemia e de anemia ferropriva em pacientes com DII em um centro de referência de DII no Sudeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Realizamos uma análise retrospectiva dos pacientes com DII adultos, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética Institucional do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil, constituída por 579 pacientes no período de janeiro de 2014 a julho de 2018. Dados clínico-epidemiológicos, níveis de hemoglobina e de ferritina sérica foram obtidos dos prontuários eletrônicos. A prevalência de anemia foi calculada entre os fenótipos de retocolite ulcerativa (RCU) e doença de Crohn (DC). Fatores de risco para anemia também foram calculados. RESULTADOS: Um total de 529 (91%) pacientes tinha disponível o exame de hemograma completo em seus prontuários médicos. Apenas 35,5% dos pacientes com DII tinha o rastreamento completo para anemia. A prevalência de anemia nos pacientes com DII foi de 24,6% (29,1% na DC e 19,1% na RCU, P=0,008). A anemia foi moderada a grave em 16,9% (19,8% na DC e 11,4% na RCU, P=0,34). A prevalência de deficiência de ferro foi de 52,3% (53,6% na DC e 51,2% na RCU, P=0,95). Anemia de doença crônica estava presente em 14,1% dos pacientes com DII. Um total de 53,8% dos pacientes com anemia estavam em remissão clínica. A DC esteve associada a um aumento da prevalência de anemia (P=0,008; OR=1,76; IC 95% =1,16-2,66) em comparação à RCU. O fenótipo da doença penetrante na DC foi associado a um menor risco de anemia (P<0,0001; OR=0,25; IC 95% =0,14-0,43). A doença ativa comparada à doença em remissão clínica foi associada a um risco aumentado de anemia (P=0,0003; OR=2,61; IC 95% =1,56-4,36) na DC. A presença de anemia foi menos frequente nos pacientes com DC submetidos à ressecção intestinal em comparação aos que não foram submetidos à cirurgia (P<0,0001; OR=0,24; IC 95% =0,14-0,40). Não foram observadas diferenças na prevalência de anemia em relação à localização da DC, idade ao diagnóstico, extensão da RCU ou terapia biológica (P>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do baixo rastreamento completo, tanto a anemia como a anemia ferropriva foram manifestações comuns da DII. A DC foi associada a um risco aumentado de anemia, especialmente com doença ativa. Além disto, pacientes com DC submetidos a ressecção intestinal e/ou com fenótipo penetrante tiveram menor risco de anemia.

Nutritional status and consumption of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory foods by patients with inflammatory bowel diseases / Estado nutricional e consumo de alimentos inflamatórios e anti-inflamatórios por pacientes portadores de doenças inflamatórias intestinais

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluation of nutritional status and consumption frequency of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory food by patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Methods An observational study of the patients assisted by the interdisciplinary inflammatory bowel diseases ambulatory of UNIVALI-SC. The nutritional status of patients was evaluated and each patient was categorized according to his/her body max index and also through a research questionnaire of the individual social-economy situation, life habits, and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory food consumption in a determinate period of time. Results Out of the 65 patients, 57% had Crohn's disease and 43% had ulcerative colitis. According to the disease activity, 71% were in remission and 29% in activity. Of the sample, 57% were classified as overweight. It was not possible to correlate nutritional status and type of inflammatory bowel diseases, nutritional status and income or nutritional status and level of education. The most inflammatory foods were beef (65%) and coffee (60%), while the anti-inflammatory ones were garlic (75%), olive oil (54%), and sweet potatoes (23%). There was no association between the most consumed inflammatory and anti-inflammatory food and body max index. Conclusion According to the results, most of the patients were overweight. The most commonly consumed inflammatory foods were beef and coffee and the anti-inflammatory ones were garlic, olive oil, and sweet potatoes.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o estado nutricional e a frequência de consumo de alimentos inflamatórios e anti-inflamatórios por portadores de doenças inflamatórias intestinais. Metodologia Estudo transversal com indivíduos assistidos pelo ambulatório interdisciplinar de doenças inflamatórias intestinais da UNIVALI-SC. Avaliados por meio do estado nutricional e classificados de acordo com o índice de massa corporal, bem como através de um questionário contendo dados socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida e frequência do consumo de alimentos inflamatórios e anti-inflamatórios. Resultados Dos 65 pacientes, 57% eram portadores de doença de Crohn e 43% de retocolite ulcerativa. De acordo com a atividade da doença, 71% encontravam-se em remissão e 29% em atividade. Da amostra, 57% foram classificados como acima do peso. Não foi possível correlacionar estado nutricional e o tipo de doenças inflamatórias intestinais, estado nutricional e renda ou estado nutricional e escolaridade. Os alimentos inflamatórios mais consumidos foram carne de gado (65%) e café (60%), já os anti-inflamatórios foram alho (75%), azeite de oliva (54%) e batata doce (23%). Não houve associação entre os alimentos inflamatórios e anti-inflamatórios mais consumidos e o índice de massa corporal. Conclusão Segundo os resultados, observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes apresentava excesso de peso. Os alimentos inflamatórios mais consumidos foram carne de gado e café e os anti-inflamatórios foram alho, azeite de oliva e batata doce.

Management of inflammatory bowel disease patients in the COVID-19 pandemic era: a Brazilian tertiary referral center guidance

The world is fighting the COVID-19 outbreak and health workers, including inflammatory bowel diseases specialists, have been challenged to address the specific clinical issues of their patients. We hereby summarize the current literature in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic era that support the rearrangement of our IBD unit and the clinical advice provided to our patients.

Factores ambientales en el desarrollo y evolución de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal / Environmental risk factors in the development and evolution of inflammatory bowel disease

Environmental factors may influence the development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and modify its natural history. The objective of this review is to evaluate current evidence about environmental factors associated with the disease. A better knowledge about the pathogenesis of the disease can lead to better treatment strategies and suggestions to prevent the disease.

Registro prospectivo durante un año de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en población pediátrica argentina / One-year prospective registry of inflammatory bowel disease in the Argentine pediatric population

Introducción. La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) comprende la colitis ulcerosa (CU) y la enfermedad de Crohn (EC). Su diagnóstico es cada vez más frecuente en pediatría y la incidencia es desconocida en Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la incidencia anual de EII en menores de 18 años de nuestro país, los aspectos epidemiológicos y las formas clínicas de presentación. Población y métodos. Estudio prospectivo, multicéntrico y observacional que abarcó todo el territorio nacional. Se incluyeron menores de 18 años con diagnóstico de EII de centros públicos y privados entre el 1/6/2012 y el 31/5/2013, a través de protocolo en la web. Resultados. Participaron 17 centros, y se registraron 50 pacientes en 10 centros. La incidencia fue 0, 4/100 000 < 18 años; EC, 20; CU, 25; y EII no clasificable, 5. Distribución según sexo: 26 varones y 24 mujeres. La edad media al momento del diagnóstico fue de 9, 7 años y la demora diagnóstica, de 16, 5 meses. Los síntomas y signos más frecuentes fueron diarrea crónica con sangre y/o moco, dolor abdominal y adelgazamiento. El retraso del crecimiento fue menor de lo esperado. Las manifestaciones extraintestinales se presentaron en el 24% en CU y en el 25% en EC. La localización más frecuente en EC fue ileocolónica, y, en CU, pancolónica. No se observó CU con formas graves. Conclusiones. La incidencia fue menor que la reportada por otros registros. Se considera conveniente la creación de un registro permanente, que no solo permita conocer la incidencia, sino también servir de apoyo a los centros referentes que diagnostican y tratan esta patología.

Introduction. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBD diagnosis has become increasingly common in pediatrics but its incidence is unknown in Argentina. The objective of this study was to determine the annual incidence of IBD in children and adolescents younger than 18 years in Argentina, its epidemiological aspects, and clinical presentations. Population and methods. Prospective, observational, multicenter study conducted in Argentina. Children and adolescents younger than 18 years from public and private facilities, diagnosed with IBD between June 1st, 2012 and May 31st, 2013 were included via a web protocol. Results. Seventeen sites participated in the study; 50 patients were recruited from 10 sites. IBD incidence was 0.4/100 000 among individuals <18 years; CD, 20; UC, 25; and idiopathic IBD, 5. Distribution by sex: 26 boys and 24 girls. Patients' mean age at diagnosis was 9.7 years, and delay in the diagnosis was 16.5 months. The most common symptoms and signs were chronic diarrhea with blood and/or mucus, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Growth retardation was less common than expected. Extraintestinal manifestations were observed in 24% of UC cases and in 25% of CD cases. The most common location of CD was the ileum and colon, and of UC was the entire colon (pancolonic). There were no cases with severe UC. Conclusions. The incidence was lower than that reported in other registries. We recommend the development of an ongoing registry, to establish the incidence of IBD, but also to serve as backup for referring facilities where this disease is diagnosed and treated.

Epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of patients with intestinal inflammatory disease / Perfil epidemiológico e características clínicas dos pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal

ABSTRACT According to several epidemiological studies, there is a significant increase in cases of inflammatory disease in developing countries. Objective: To describe epidemiological data and clinical features of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in patients enrolled in Campo Grande, MS. Method: A retrospective descriptive study with a database analysis of patients who were enrolled and renewed their process in the Exceptional Medications Program of the Health Department from January 2008 to December 2016. Results: 423 patients participated in the study, 260 women and 163 men. Of these, 238 patients had Crohn's disease and 185 had ulcerative rectocolitis. The patients' mean age was 46 years. The most commonly used medication for both diseases was mesalazine and 34.3% of the patients needed to switch their medication during the treatment, most of them with Crohn's disease. In Crohn's patients, the most affected segment was the colon (40.6%) and in patients with ulcerative rectocolitis the entire large intestine was involved (78.8%) was more common. Of the total number of patients, 10.8% of the women and 18.4% of the men needed to use an anti-TNF. Conclusion: Most people on treatment for IBD are female, with a mean age of 46 years and suffering from Crohn's disease. The most affected segments were the entire large intestine in URC cases and the colon in Crohn's disease cases. Mesalazine was the most used drug in both diseases. There was more drug replacement in Crohn's disease patients. In Crohn's disease, younger patients used infliximab more frequently.

RESUMO De acordo com vários estudos epidemiológicos, há aumento significativo de casos de doença inflamatória nos países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Descrever os dados epidemiológicos e características clinicas dos pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal em Campo Grande - MS. Método: Pesquisa descritiva retrospectiva, com análise dos prontuários em banco de dados, em pacientes que cadastraram e renovaram o processo no Programa de Medicamentos Excepcionais da Secretaria de Saúde, de janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2016. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 423 pacientes, 260 mulheres e 163 homens. Deste total, 238 possuíam doença de Crohn e 185 Retocolite Ulcerativa. A média de idade foi de 46 anos. O medicamento mais utilizado em ambas doenças foi a mesalazina e 34,3% dos pacientes necessitaram realizar troca de medicamentos ao longo do tratamento, sendo a maioria portador da doença de Crohn. Nos pacientes com Crohn o segmento mais acometido foi o cólon (40,6%) e nos pacientes com RCU foi todo o intestino grosso (78,8%). Do total de pacientes, 10,8% das mulheres e 18,4% dos homens necessitaram utilizar anti-TNF. Conclusão: A maioria das pessoas em tratamento para DII são do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 46 anos e portadores de Doença de Crohn. Os segmentos mais acometidos na RCU foi todo o intestino grosso e na Doença de Crohn o colo. A mesalazina foi o medicamento mais utilizado em ambas as doenças. Houve mais troca de medicamentos na Doença de Crohn. Na Doença de Crohn pessoas mais jovens utilizaram mais o infliximabe.

Obesidad y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal / Obesity and inflammatory bowel disease

Incidence of obesity is rising worldwide, Chile is no exception with obese patients representing up to one third of general population. This parallels with increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Contrary to conventional belief, comorbidity is high (15-40%), where both diseases present with chronic inflammation and dysbiosis which alters intestinal barrier. Causality between obesity and IBD is difficult to stablish and evidence is scarce to determine association. Obesity would be a risk factor for IBD, particularly in Crohn´s Disease (CD), females and obesity at young age. Other than body mass index (BMI), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been recently determined as the best indicator of metabolic and endocrine consequences of obesity. Increasing values of VAT have been related to complicated IBD and worst prognosis. On IBD-related therapy, increasing BMI has been related to suboptimal doses and in biologic therapy, obesity raises the probability of flares, loss of response and therapy optimization. Obese patients require IBD-related surgery before non-obese patients and present more postoperative complications. Similarly, VAT is an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence in CD. Altogether this evidence suggests that obesity does have an influence on IBD, therefore, multidisciplinary healthcare providers should prevent, educate and intervene actively in obesity in order to improve results in intestinal disease

La obesidad ha ido aumentando progresivamente a nivel mundial. Chile no es la excepción, donde un tercio de la población es obesa. Así mismo, la incidencia y prevalencia de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) también ha ido en aumento. La comorbilidad entre obesidad y EII es alta (15-40%) donde ambas presentan inflamación crónica y dentro de su patogenia tienen en común la disbiosis, que altera la función de barrera intestinal. Establecer una asociación de causalidad es difícil y la evidencia es escasa en relación a su asociación. La obesidad puede ser considerada como factor de riesgo para EII, particularmente en pacientes con Enfermedad de Crohn (EC), mujeres y obesidad temprana. Además, se ha establecido que el tejido adiposo visceral (TAV) es mejor indicador de las consecuencias metabólicas de la obesidad en comparación al índice de masa corporal (IMC) y se ha asociado a EII más complicada y peor evolución natural. Con respecto a la terapia, los pacientes con mayor IMC tienen con mayor frecuencia, dosis subóptima de los fármacos, y en terapia biológica, la obesidad aumenta la probabilidad de crisis, pérdida de respuesta al fármaco u optimización de la terapia. Los pacientes obesos requieren cirugía relacionada a EII antes que los pacientes no obesos, presentan más complicaciones postoperatorias y el TAV es un factor de riesgo independiente para recurrencia postoperatoria en EC. Todos estos resultados sugieren que la obesidad influye en la EII, por lo que una intervención activa y multidisciplinaria pudiese mejorar también los resultados en la enfermedad intestinal.

Desarrollo de neoplasia en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal / Development of malignant tumors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Background: The chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, the extra-intestinal manifestations of the disease and the immunosuppressive treatment of inflammatory bowel disease may increase cancer risk. Aim: To report the demographic and clinical features of patients with IBD who developed a malignant tumor. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of an IBD patient registry of a private clinic, diagnosed between 1976 and 2014. Results: 437 subjects were included, aged 15-88 years (58% women). Seventy two percent of patients had ulcerative colitis. The median time of follow up was 6 years. Ten patients (2.3%) developed a malignant tumor. In four, the tumor could be related to IBD (two colorectal cancers, one cholangiocarcinoma and one chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)). Two of 45 patients treated with biological therapy developed a tumor (CML and hypernephroma). Three of 170 patients on immunosuppressive treatment developed tumors. Only one had a tumor possibly related with the use of azathioprine (non-melanoma skin cancer). In only two patients, the treatment was changed at the time of their cancer diagnosis, from immunosuppressive medications to mesalamine. Conclusions: Only a small proportion of these patients with IBD developed a malignant tumor. The treatment of IBD has to be determined by the severity of the disease and not by the fear of developing a neoplasia. Following recommendations is fundamental to decrease the possibility of developing this complication.

Retocolite ulcerativa não complicada / Ulcerative colitis not complicated

Retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica (RCU) e doença de Crohn (DC) são consideradas as principais doenças inflamatórias intestinais idiopáticas (DIIs). De etiologia ainda desconhecida, evoluem, clinicamente, por surtos recorrentes, intercalando episódios de atividade inflamatória, acompanhados de manifestações digestivas e extradigestivas, com períodos de remissão, ambos imprevisíveis...

Nonspecific ulcerative recolitis (NUC) and Chron's Disease (CD) are considered the mainly idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Etiology unknown, the nonspecific ulcerative recolitis has a clinical proceed, by recurrent outbreaks, episodes of intercalated inflammatory activity, following by digestive and extra digestive symptoms, with period of remission, both of them are unpredictable...

Association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with the self-image and self-esteem of individuals with intestinal stoma / Assoiação dos fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos à autoimagem e autoestima dos indivíduos com estoma intestinal

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and sociodemographic factors and correlate them to the self-image and self-esteem. Methods: A study conducted at Ostomy Pole of PousoAlegre. The data were collected between December 2012 and May 2013. This was a non-probabilistic, by convenience, sample. For data collection, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale/UNIFESP-EPM and Body Investment Scale were used. For statistical analysis, chi-squared test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation were used. Levels of significance of 5% (p ≤ 0.05) were considered. Results: Participants had a mean score of 10.81 in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale/UNIFESP. Regarding Body Investment Scale results, the mean total score was 38.79; the mean in the domain of body image was 7.74, and for personal touch, 21.31. When comparing data related to the stoma and sociodemographic profiles with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale/UNIFESP and Body Investment Scale, we realize that all patients demonstrated a decrease in self-esteem and self-image. Individuals were over 60 years old, male, retired, married and were not participants in support group/association. With regard to the characteristics of the stoma, those permanent colostomized had as causes of stoma implementation inflammatory disease and neoplasia; stomata measured between 20 and 40 mm; these people used two-piece devices. People who have not been notified that would be subjected to the stoma and in whom no demarcation was done showed worsening in self-esteem and self-image in relation to other features related to injury and sociodemographic data. Conclusion: Patients who participated in this study had low self-image and self-esteem in all characteristics of the stoma and in sociodemographic data, meaning that these individuals had negative feelings about their own bodies. .

Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos e correlacioná-los à autoimagem e autoestima. Métodos: Estudo realizado no Polo dos Estomizados de Pouso Alegre. Os dados foram coletados entre dezembro de 2012 e maio de 2013. A amostra foi por não probabilística, por conveniência. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizadas a Escala de Autoestima Rosenberg/UNIFESP-EPM e a escala BodyInvestmentScale. Para análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes do Qui-quadrado e de Kruskal-Wallise a correlação de Spearman. Foram considerados os níveis de significância 5% (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados: Os participantes apresentaram a média de 10,81 na Escala de Autoestima Rosenberg/UNIFESP-EPM. Com relaação à escala BodyInvestmentScale, a média do escore total foi 38,79; a médianos domínios imagem corporal foi de 7,74 e no toque pessoal, 21,31. Ao comparamos os dados relacionados ao estoma e sociodemográficos com a Escala de Autoestima Rosenberg/UNIFESP-EPM e com escala BodyInvestmentScale, percebemos que todos os pacientes apresentaram queda na autoestima e na autoimagem. Os indivíduos estavam na faixa etária acima de 60 anos, sexo masculino, eram aposentados e casados e não participavam de grupo de apoio/associação. Com relação às características do estoma, os indivíduos com colostomia permanente tinham como causas da realização do estoma doença inflamatória e neoplasia; os estomas mensuravam entre 20 a 40 mm; eles utilizavam dispositivo com duas peças. Pessoas que não foram comunicadas de que iriam ser submetidas ao estoma, e em que não foi realizada a demarcação apresentaram piora na autoestima e na autoimagem com relação às outras características relacionadas à lesão e às sociodemográficas. Conclusão: Pacientes que participaram deste estudo apresentaram baixa na autoimagem e autoestima em todas as características do estoma e nos dados sociodemográficos, significando que esses indivíduos tinham sentimentos negativos em relação ao próprio corpo.

Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal a partir de una experiencia local / Inflammatory bowel disease. Experience in 316 patients

Background: The incidence and prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has increased. Aim: To determine demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with IBD in a Chilean private hospital. Patients and Methods: Review of a prospective registry of patients with IBD, started on 2012. It includes clinical, imaging, endoscopical and pathological information of patients. Results: Data of 316 patients with IBD, aged 16 to 86 years (56% females), were analyzed. Ulcerative Colitis (UC), Crohn´s and non-classifiable IBD were diagnosed in 230, 77 and 9 patients, respectively. The disease was diagnosed in 82% of patients in the period between 2002 and 2012. There was a peak in the diagnosis of both UC and CD between 20 and 39 years of age, without gender differences. The disease switched from UC to CD in six patients. In four, there was a change in disease behavior. Thirty eight patients were treated with biological therapy. The median lapse between the diagnosis and the use of biological therapy was 1 year in patients diagnosed after 2007, compared with 5.5 years among those patients diagnosed before 2007 (p = 0.001). There was a trend towards a higher requirement of surgery until 2006. Subsequently there was a stabilization of the requirement, concomitant with the incorporation of biological therapy. Conclusions: An adequate registry of IBD patients is necessary to improve demographic and clinical characteristics. A national registry is needed to assess the epidemiological changes of IBD in Chile.

Anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence, differential diagnosis and association with clinical and laboratory variables / Anemia na doença inflamatória intestinal: prevalência, diagnóstico diferencial e associação com variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Anemia is the most frequent extraintestinal complication of inflammatory bowel disease. This study aimed to: 1) determine the prevalence of anemia among patients with inflammatory bowel disease; 2) investigate whether routine laboratory markers are useful for diagnosing anemia; and 3) evaluate whether any association exists between anemia and clinical/laboratory variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional at a federal university. METHODS: 44 outpatients with Crohn's disease and 55 with ulcerative colitis were evaluated. Clinical variables (disease activity index, location of disease and pharmacological treatment) and laboratory variables (blood count, iron laboratory, vitamin B12 and folic acid) were investigated. RESULTS: Anemia and/or iron laboratory disorders were present in 75% of the patients with Crohn's disease and in 78.2% with ulcerative colitis. Anemia was observed in 20.5% of the patients with Crohn's disease and in 23.6% with ulcerative colitis. Iron-deficiency anemia was highly prevalent in patients with Crohn's disease (69.6%) and ulcerative colitis (76.7%). Anemia of chronic disease in combination with iron deficiency anemia was present in 3% of the patients with Crohn's disease and in 7% of the patients with ulcerative colitis. There was no association between anemia and disease location. In ulcerative colitis, anemia was associated with the disease activity index. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients present iron laboratory disorders, with or without anemia, mainly due to iron deficiency. The differential diagnosis between the two most prevalent types of anemia was made based on clinical data and routine laboratory tests. In ulcerative colitis, anemia was associated with the disease activity index. .

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: Anemia é a mais frequente complicação extraintestinal na doença inflamatória intestinal. Este estudo objetivou: 1) determinar a prevalência de anemia em portadores de doença inflamatória intestinal; 2) investigar se os marcadores laboratoriais de uso rotineiro são úteis para o diagnóstico da anemia; 3) avaliar se existe associação entre anemia e variáveis clínico-laboratoriais. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal em uma universidade federal. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 44 pacientes ambulatoriais com doença de Crohn e 55 com retocolite ulcerativa. Foram investigados aspectos clínicos (índice de atividade da doença, localização da doença e tratamento farmacológico) e laboratoriais (hemograma, ferrocinética, vitamina B12 e ácido fólico). RESULTADOS: Anemia e/ou anormalidades na ferrocinética estavam presentes em 75% dos pacientes com doença de Crohn e em 78,2% dos pacientes com retocolite. Anemia foi observada em 20,5% do grupo com doença de Crohn e em 23,6% do grupo com retocolite. Anemia por deficiência de ferro predominou entre os pacientes com doença de Crohn (69,6%) e com retocolite (76,7%). Anemia de doença crônica associada à anemia ferropriva estava presente em 3% dos pacientes com doença de Crohn e em 7% daqueles com retocolite. Na retocolite, a anemia estava associada com o índice de atividade da doença. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos pacientes apresentava alterações na ferrocinética com ou sem anemia, principalmente decorrente da ferropenia. O diagnóstico diferencial entre os dois tipos mais prevalentes de anemia foi baseado nos dados clínicos e nos testes laboratoriais de rotina. Anemia estava associada com o índice de atividade na retocolite. .

Tuberculin skin testing in inflammatory bowel disease patients from an endemic area of Brazil

Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder involving the gastrointestinal tract. Immunosuppressive drugs are usually prescribed to treat IBD patients, and this treatment can lead to tuberculosis reactivation. This paper aimed to analyze tuberculin skin test (TST) results in IBD patients at a reference center in Brazil. Methods: We evaluated TST results in IBD patients using a cross-sectional study. We also analyzed the medical records of patients treated at a reference IBD outpatient unit where TST is routinely performed. Results: We reviewed 119 medical records of 57 (47.9%) Crohn's disease (CD), 57 (47.9%) ulcerative colitis (UC) and 5 (4.2%) indeterminate colitis (IC) patients. The mean (SD) age was 43.5 (13.7) years old. TST was positive in 24 (20.2%) of the patients. TST was positive in 16/57 (28.1%) UC and 6/57 (10.5%) CD patients (prevalence ratio [PR] 2.7). Forty-one patients (34.5%) were taking immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine or prednisone) at the time of the TST, and six of these patients (14.6%) had positive test results. Two patients using infliximab had negative TST results. Thirty-five of the 41 patients (85.4%) on immunosuppressive treatment were anergic compared with 73.1% (57/78) of the untreated patients (PR 1.2). Conclusions: Patients with IBD have TST results similar to the general Brazilian population. Within the IBD population, CD patients have a lower frequency of TST positivity than UC patients. .

Associação de polimorfismos nas sequências regulatórias dos genes HLA-G, IL-10 e TNF e a sua respectiva expressão gênica em lesões de mucosa em pacientes portadores de doença inflamatória intestinal / Association of HLA-G, IL-10 and TNF regulatory sequence polymorphisms and respective gene expression in biopsies of Brazilian patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Fatores genéticos e imunológicos foram associados à patogenese da doença inflamatória intestinal (DII), ela inclui Retocolite Ulcerativa Idiopática (RCUI) e doença de Crohn (CD). A hiperresponsividade de celulas B e a autoreatividade de células T contribuem para a polarização da resposta imune Th1 em CD e Th2 em RCUI. Sítios polimórficos na região 3'não traduzida do gene HLA-G (completa) e região promotora dos genes IL-10 ( - 1082A/G e - 819C/T) e TNF (completa) foram associados a susceptibilidade a diversas doenças. Estudamos 217 portadores de DII e 249 doadores saudáveis, pareados por sexo e idade. A ascendência africana foi maior em RCUI e caucasiana em DC (p =0,005). Comparados aos controles, o genótipo HLA - G 14bpINS - INS (associado com baixa expressão de HLA - G) (p =0,006) e IL - 10 - 1082G - G (associado com alta expressão de IL - 10) (p =0,030) foram menos frequentes em pacientes com DC, possivelmente contribuindo para a polarização Th1, mas não foram encontradas diferenças nas frequências de TNF. Em RCUI, as frequências do alelo HLA-G +3003C (p =0,015) e genótipo +3003C-T (p =0,003) estavam aumentadas. Apesar da alta frequência do alelo T em africanos, após estratifica rmos por ascendência, o genótipo +3003C - T ainda estava mais frequente em pacientes com ascendência africana (p =0,012)...

Genetic and immunological factors have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).B cell hyperresponsiveness and T cell auto-reactivity have contributedto a Th1 polarization immune response in CD and a Th2 polarization in UC. Sincepolymorphic sites at the 3’untranslated region (3’UTR)...